Authoritarian caregivers were once considered the norm in family dynamics several decades ago (Sanchis, 2020). However, various disciplines within the behavioral sciences, including psychology, have demonstrated that these parenting styles can be harmful to the development of children in most cases. In this context, corresponding with Sanchis (2020), it is important to highlight that authoritarian parenting practices have negative consequences in several aspects of child development.
Characteristics of Authoritarian Families
Order
The distinctive characteristic of authoritarian families is their strong focus on "order" (Cajal, 2019). According to Cajal (2019), this type of authoritarianism is based on the need to control all aspects of the family unit, with the goal of ensuring order and stability within the family structure.
Vertical Structure
The family structure is characterized by a hierarchical and unidirectional organization, implying that power relationships are defined within the family unit (Cajal, 2019; Núñez, 2021). In this context, the father occupies the highest position in the hierarchy, assuming the responsibility of establishing the rules that govern the home and imposing sanctions on those who violate them (Cajal, 2019). In second place is the mother, who often exhibits greater flexibility compared to the father. This tendency arises from the authoritarian nature of the father, which can generate resistance in children towards their caregivers. Therefore, the mother, in her effort to maintain affection, tends to adopt a more permissive style. Finally, according to Cajal (2019), children occupy a lower position in this hierarchy, with the oldest assuming the responsibility of caring for and supervising their younger siblings.
Little Flexibility
The authoritarian parenting style is defined by excessive monitoring and control, as well as the imposition of rules and constant supervision of children's activities (Navarro, 2020). Caregivers who choose this parenting approach remain vigilant regarding their children's behavior, decisions, and overall lives, which can create a restrictive environment that is not conducive to emotional and social development (Navarro, 2020). Additionally, families that adopt an authoritarian approach tend to limit the development of human culture, viewing it as detrimental to family dynamics (Cajal, 2019). Consequently, according to Cajal (2019), children raised in these environments are forced to adapt to social and economic contexts where exploitation and domination form the fundamental basis of their future interactions.
Possible Abuse
In the context of parenting and caregiving, Sanchis (2020) argues that authoritarian caregivers, who often exhibit limited emotional skills, tend to resort to physical punishment and verbal violence as methods considered necessary and "logical" for setting limits on children's behavior.
Consequences of the Authoritarian Style
The challenge facing parents is to exercise positive authority that fosters the development of happy, self-confident, curious, independent, and respectful children (Quicios, 2021). However, as noted by Quicios (2021), it is common that, in attempting to achieve this authority, patterns from the past resembling the figure of the authoritarian father are reproduced.
Insecurity
Children raised in authoritarian environments often develop significant insecurities and anxieties due to a lack of clear rules and controls from their parents (Pizzolante, 2018). This situation leads them not to learn how to act appropriately in various circumstances, which limits their ability to manage their own emotions and desires. As these children grow and face external situations that require decision-making, they feel overwhelmed and fearful (Pizzolante, 2018). In this context, according to Quicios (2021), it is essential to highlight that the high expectations parents have for their children generate excessive nervousness, discomfort, and even anxiety, stemming from the constant desire to please their caregivers.
Low Self-esteem
In the context of child development, it is crucial to consider how caregivers' high expectations can influence children's self-perception (Quicios, 2021). Corresponding with Quicios (2021), the insecurity arising from these expectations can be detrimental, as it leads children to adopt a negative view of their self-image.
Low Emotional Intelligence
Children face significant challenges in managing their emotions (Quicios, 2021). This situation can lead many of them to develop deep resentment towards their caregivers, an anger that has been repressed and inadequately managed throughout their lives (Pizzolante, 2018). However, it is important to note that these children often experience considerable fear when expressing their anger towards their caregivers, fearing the possible repercussions they might face as a result of their emotions. When this anger eventually manifests, it often takes the form of aggression, resulting in very intense emotional outbursts. According to Pizzolante (2018), this dynamic becomes even more complex during adolescence, as confrontations between children and their caregivers tend to intensify, especially when the latter employ an authoritarian parenting style.
Poor Decision Making
This parenting style does not promote autonomy or the ability to make decisions based on personal desires and criteria (Pizzolante, 2018). Instead of fostering independence, this approach values obedience and avoids conflict (Pizzolante, 2018). As a result, children lack the autonomy necessary to choose their own activities, as they are compelled to meet the expectations and goals imposed by their parents (Quicios, 2021). Consequently, according to Quicios (2021), these children do not have the opportunity to develop their independence or acquire the skills needed to resolve their own conflicts.
Discomfort and Illness
The constant pressure exerted by excessively demanding parents on their children can have significant health consequences (Quicios, 2021). First, this daily pressure can weaken their defenses, making them more susceptible to various illnesses. Additionally, according to Quicios (2021), prolonged stress associated with unrealistic expectations can lead to the onset of emotional disorders, including depression.
Lack of Social Competencies
Communication between caregivers and children is fundamental to the emotional and social development of children (Pizzolante, 2018). However, it has been observed that this interaction is deficient, hindering effective exchanges of ideas and feelings. This communication deficit leads children to feel unheard, which has significant repercussions for their development. As a result, children may begin to withhold information or even lie to their caregivers, especially during adolescence. This situation generates an atmosphere of distrust, where young people do not feel secure sharing their experiences or concerns (Pizzolante, 2018). According to Quicios (2021), this negative dynamic affects the development of essential social skills in children, making it difficult for them to relate adequately to their peers and others in their environment.
References
Cajal, A. (2019). Familia Autoritaria y sus Características. Lifeder. Recuperado 22 de agosto de 2022, de https://www.lifeder.com/familia-autoritaria/
Navarro, A. (2020). Padres autoritarios. Un mal que necesita erradicarse. Eres Mamá. Recuperado 22 de agosto de 2022, de https://eresmama.com/padres-autoritarios-mal-necesita-erradicarse/
Núñez, A. (2021). Estilo de crianza autoritario: características y posibles efectos en los hijos. Mejor con Salud. Recuperado 22 de agosto de 2022, de https://mejorconsalud.as.com/estilo-crianza-autoritario/
Quicios, B. (2021). Padres autoritarios con sus hijos. Guiainfantil.com. Recuperado 22 de agosto de 2022, de https://www.guiainfantil.com/articulos/educacion/padres-autoritarios-con-sus-hijos/
Sanchis, S. (2020). Padres autoritarios: características y consecuencias para sus hijos. parabebes.com. Recuperado 22 de agosto de 2022, de https://www.parabebes.com/padres-autoritarios-caracteristicas-y-consecuencias-para-sus-hijos-4816.html
Comments